Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level shall be protected from falling to that lower level. What are scaffold platform construction requirements? Horizontally - at each end; at intervals not to exceed 30 feet (9.1 m) from one end. 22.A.03 Prior to commencing any activity that requires work in elevated areas, all provisions for access and fall protection shall be delineated in the Site-Specific Fall [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)] Also see, OSHA Standards and Interpretation Letter: 06/16/1999 - Scaffolds: Lifelines, support lines, and suspension ropes cannot have a common anchor point. "Access." Paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (vii) of this section establish the types of fall protection to be provided to the employees on each type of scaffold. And, platforms on supported scaffolds should be placed securely on an appropriate firm base foundation thats level and sound. Scaffold Must have a maximum space between rungs of 16 inches. A suspension scaffold contains one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid means from an overhead structure, 29 CFR 1926.450(b), such as the following scaffolds: single-point, multi-point, multi-level, two-point, adjustable, boatswain's chair, catenary, chimney hoist, continuous run, elevator false car, go-devils, interior hung, masons', and stone setters'. There are no specific requirements under these rules that address access gates in scaffold configurations incorporating a ladder-access to the work platform in Gasoline-powered equipment and hoists shall not be used on suspension scaffolds. Direct connections to roofs and floors, and counterweights used to balance adjustable suspension scaffolds, shall be capable of resisting at least 4 times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold operating at the rated load of the hoist, or 1.5 (minimum) times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold operating at the stall load of the hoist, whichever is greater. When wire rope clips are used on suspension scaffolds: There shall be a minimum of 3 wire rope clips installed, with the clips a minimum of 6 rope diameters apart; Clips shall be installed according to the manufacturer's recommendations; Clips shall be retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations after the initial loading; Clips shall be inspected and retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations at the start of each workshift thereafter; U-bolt clips shall not be used at the point of suspension for any scaffold hoist; When U-bolt clips are used, the U-bolt shall be placed over the dead end of the rope, and the saddle shall be placed over the live end of the rope. Wind screens shall not be used unless the scaffold is secured against the anticipated wind forces imposed. Stair-rails and handrails must be designed and constructed to prevent punctures, lacerations, snagged clothing, and projection. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)], To ensure adequate protection, install guardrails along all open sides and ends before releasing the scaffold for use by employees, other than the erection and dismantling crews. What is the maximum deflection of a platform? Tables showing maximum permissible spans, rated load capacity, and nominal thickness are in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A(1)(b) & (c) of the standard. [29 CFR 1926.453(b)(2)(v) and 29 CFR 1926.451(g)(3)], Vertical or horizontal lifelines may be used. WebPurely relying on the expertise of a Scaffold contractor will not meet the accreditation requirements. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(1)], Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 cm) vertically from the other surfaces. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(13)], Each scaffold platform and walkway must be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems must be used. The second part is sufficient clearance. When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist, or similar surface shall be used. [, When outrigger scaffolds are 3 inches (8 cm) or less from the front edge. Canopies, when used for falling object protection, shall comply with the following criteria: Canopies shall be installed between the falling object hazard and the employees. Devices whose sole function is to provide emergency escape and rescue shall not be used as working platforms. [29 CFR 1926.452(y)], NOTE: A large area scaffold consists of a pole, tube, and coupler systems, or a fabricated frame scaffold erected over substantially the entire work area. [29 CFR 1926.451(h)(1), 29 CFR 1926.451(h)(2) and 29 CFR 1926.451(h)(3)], Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers. The standard prohibits using repaired wire. The scaffolding standard prohibits the [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(ix) and 29 CFR 1926.451(d)(5)], A single tieback must be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure. [, Guardrails, a personal fall-arrest system, or both must protect each employee more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level from falling. Must have rest platforms at 12-foot maximum intervals. [, When scaffold platforms are more than 24 inches (61 cm) above or below a point of access, ladders, ramps, walkways, or similar surfaces must be used. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(4)(i)], Steel or plastic banding must not be used as a toprail or a midrail. How wide does the work area need to be on scaffolding? When the falling objects are too large, heavy or massive to be contained or deflected by any of the above-listed measures, the employer shall place such potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they could fall and shall secure those materials as necessary to prevent their falling. The ladder legs shall be secured to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform. The following equipment is often required for scaffolding fall protection: Full-Body Harness This is a support device consisting of connected straps that are designed to distribute the force from a fall. The training must include fall hazards, falling object hazards, electrical hazards, proper use of the scaffold, and handling of materials. Handrails, and toprails that are used as handrails, shall be at least 3 inches (7.6 cm) from other objects. NY Scaffold is the leading specialty Scaffold Erector Company covering the whole of the US. Each end of a platform, unless cleated or otherwise restrained by hooks or equivalent means, shall extend over the centerline of its support at least 6 inches (15 cm). WebIndependent Scaffolds Made to order specialist access requirements Tank Scaffolds Span Deck Walkways Mobiles Temporary Fencing Power Climber Swinging Stages Modular Swinging Stages Astro Winches (air and electric) Building Maintenance Units Genie Scissor & Boom Lifts, AWP30, Material Lifters Material Lifts Superlift Genie Lifts Boom Lifts Suspension scaffold outrigger beams, when used, shall be made of structural metal or equivalent strength material, and shall be restrained to prevent movement. [, A competent person must evaluate all direct connections prior to use to confirm that the supporting surfaces are able to support the imposed load. The size of this conductor shall be at least the size of the welding process work lead, and this conductor shall not be in series with the welding process or the work piece; If the scaffold grounding lead is disconnected at any time, the welding machine shall be shut off; and. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(13)], These hoists require a positive crank force to descend. Zelienople, PA 16063. Do employees working on supported scaffolds need to be trained? Outrigger beams shall be placed perpendicular to its bearing support (usually the face of the building or structure). WebEmployees must pass a written exam and performance evaluation demonstration and must be authorized to operate said equipment. SCAFFOLDING IN NEW ZEALAND KEY POINTS: Duty holders have responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work Act Does a scaffold meet the requirements of 1926.502 (d) (15)? Can sand, masonry units, or rolls of roofing felt be used for counterweights? When canopies are used on suspension scaffolds for falling object protection, the scaffold shall be equipped with additional independent support lines equal in number to the number of points supported, and equivalent in strength to the strength of the suspension ropes. Scaffold planking must be able to support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the intended load. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)]Solid sawn wood, fabricated planks, and fabricated platforms may be used as scaffold planks following the recommendations by the manufacturer or a lumber grading association or inspection agency. Web(1) When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, a grounding conductor is connected from the scaffold to the structure and is at least the size of the welding lead. Except as provided in paragraphs (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(5) and (g) of this section, each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. Here are the scaffold guardrail Web5.3.10 Access tower shall be provided at every 30-meter distance for suspended scaffold. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(5)], The stall load is the load at which the prime-mover (motor or engine) of a power-operated hoist stalls or the power to the prime-mover is automatically disconnected. Window cleaners' anchors shall not be used for this purpose. WebScaffold design. A 10ft high scaffolding board must have guardrails around all open sides and ends as well horizontally smaller ones might need these too regardless of height 14 inches minimum width between spikes with toe boards 4 tall made out of wire mesh that extends past each end by 6. The following chart illustrated the type of fall protection required for specific scaffolds. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)], Shore and lean-to scaffolds are strictly prohibited. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(1)]. Platforms shall not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. Personal fall-arrest systems include harnesses, components of the harness/belt such as D-rings, and snap hooks, lifelines, and anchorage points. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)] A qualified person must design the scaffolds, which are loaded in accordance with that design. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(14) and 29 CFR 1926.451(f)(15)], Employers must provide access when the scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access. Climbing the structural cross-braces of a scaffold is unsafe, and specifically forbidden by federal standards. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(2)], Also, employees are prohibited from working on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other slippery materials - except to remove these substances. Scaffolds shall be designed by a qualified person and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. Each ladder jack scaffold, top plate bracket scaffold, roof bracket scaffold, and pump jack scaffold shall be at least 12 inches (30 cm) wide. Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent the tipping of supported scaffolds in all circumstances where an eccentric load, such as a cantilevered work platform, is applied or is transmitted to the scaffold. When vertical lifelines are used, they shall be fastened to a fixed safe point of anchorage, shall be independent of the scaffold, and shall be protected from sharp edges and abrasion. Where scaffolds must be used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that platforms and walkways cannot be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, such platforms and walkways shall be as wide as feasible, and employees on those platforms and walkways shall be protected from fall hazards by the use of guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems. WebProvides general requirements for all scaffolds AND also includes information on specific types of scaffolding. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(x)]. Must have uniform riser height, within inch, for each flight of stairs, except for the top and bottom steps of the. Access Requirements Stairtowers (Scaffold Stairway/Towers) Stairtowers must be positioned so their bottom step is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level. Must be at least 18 inches wide between stair-rails, and have a landing platform at least 18 inches wide by at least 18 inches long at each level. Scaffolding Access Egress Requirements. type of scaffold (tube and fitting or system) maximum bay lengths. Must have slip-resistant surfaces on all treads and landings. Web(1) A type of supported scaffold set on wheels or casters (2) A simple device consisting of a platform resting on brackets attached to a ladder (3) A uniquely designed scaffold consisting of a platform supported by moveable brackets on vertical poles (1)Mobile Scaffold (2) Ladder Scaffold (3) Pump Jack Scaffold each suspension rope and any other independent lines are insulated from grounding. Must not be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11 inches, unless each employee uses. When Scaffolding is Needed The very short answer is: when a risk assessment outlines it is necessary! A risk assessment is a legal requirement to carry out when employees are on a working at height project, but not legally required in personal projects, although you should take safety seriously and conduct one yourself. A safe point of access should be present during erection and dismantling operations. Scaffolds shall not be moved horizontally while employees are on them, unless they have been designed by a registered professional engineer specifically for such movement or, for mobile scaffolds, where the provisions of 1926.452(w) are followed. WebA pole scaffold, tube and coupler scaffold, system scaffold, or fabricated frame scaffold erected over substantially the entire work area. Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have uniformly spaced rungs with a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches. Sound points of anchorage include structural members, but do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, or electrical conduit. Wondering about scaffold guardrail height requirements? [, When employees are plastering and lathing 18 inches (46 cm) or less from the front edge. However, OSHA permits direct access from another scaffold, structure, or personnel hoist. WebWhen scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold Guardrail height. Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers shall not be modified in order to intermix them unless a competent person determines the resulting scaffold is structurally sound. In addition to meeting the requirements of 1926.502(d), personal fall arrest systems used on scaffolds shall be attached by lanyard to a vertical lifeline, horizontal lifeline, or scaffold structural member. When can welding be done from a suspension scaffold? Must have a slope of no more than 1 vertical to 3 horizontal degrees (20 degrees above the horizontal). Manually operated hoists shall require a positive crank force to descend. c) Added guidance for assessing base soil conditions. NOTE: As of January 1, 1998, subpart M of this part provides that body belts are not acceptable as part of a personal fall arrest system. d) Added precautions around power lines. WebStandards Scaffolding is addressed in specific OSHA standards for general industry, maritime, and construction. Before the scaffold is used, direct connections shall be evaluated by a competent person who shall confirm, based on the evaluation, that the supporting surfaces are capable of supporting the loads to be imposed. Sound anchorages do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, or electrical conduit. Steps and rungs of ladder and stairway type access shall line up vertically with each other between rest platforms. Must have a minimum rung length of 11 inches, and a maximum space between rungs of 16 inches. Tiebacks shall be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. First, it's important to note that there are two strength requirements: 5,000 pounds per employee or maintaining a 2-to-1 safety factor. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(10)], Suspension ropes must be shielded from heat-producing processes. Stairrail systems and handrails shall be surfaced to prevent injury to employees from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing. Crossbraces shall not be used as a means of access. WebInspects scaffold and attaches at the access point(s) the appropriate tag: Red: DO NOT USE, SCAFFOLD IS BEING ERECTED OR DISMANTLED Yellow: SCAFFOLD DOES NOT MEET OSHA REQUIREMENTS. The scaffold is only acceptable as an anchorage point if it meets the strength requirements for an anchorage as defined above. When erecting or dismantling tubular welded frame scaffolds, (end) frames, with horizontal members that are parallel, level and are not more than 22 inches apart vertically may be used as climbing devices for access, provided they are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(10)], Suspension ropes supporting adjustable suspension scaffolds must be a diameter large enough to provide sufficient surface area for the functioning of brake and hoist mechanisms. Suspension scaffold power-operated hoists and manual hoists shall be tested by a qualified testing laboratory. Handrails, and toprails that serve as handrails, shall provide an adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid falling. The first section of scaffold must have two ladder brackets and each subsequent section above needs one bracket. Tiebacks shall be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure, or opposing angle tiebacks shall be installed. Horizontal lifelines shall not be attached only to the suspension ropes. Vertical lifelines shall not be used when overhead components, such as overhead protection or additional platform levels, are part of a single-point or two-point adjustable suspension scaffold. Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section, the front edge of all platforms shall not be more than 14 inches (36 cm) from the face of the work, unless guardrail systems are erected along the front edge and/or personal fall arrest systems are used in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section to protect employees from falling. Counterweights shall be made of non-flowable material. If there is a tail line below the hoist, it shall be insulated to prevent contact with the platform. What are some of the requirements for manually operated suspension scaffold hoists? 5.3.11 Scaffolding fittings (couplers) shall be lifted and lowered in a safe manner using Gin Wheel, Rope and Canvas bucket, throwing of scaffolding tubes & fittings to the work area shall not be permitted. Are guardrails required on all open sides of scaffolding? Suspension scaffold outrigger beams shall be: Provided with stop bolts or shackles at both ends; Securely fastened together with the flanges turned out when channel iron beams are used in place of I-beams; Installed with all bearing supports perpendicular to the beam center line; Set and maintained with the web in a vertical position; and. Tread depth shall be uniform, within 1/4 inch, for each flight of stairs. Scaffolds (Staging). Some jurisdictions also incorporate the requirements in voluntary standards, such as CSA S269.2-M87 Access [29 CFR 1926.451(b)(2)], The standard requires employers to protect each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level from falling to that lower level. Ladders shall not be used on scaffolds to increase the working level height of employees, except on large area scaffolds where employers have satisfied the following criteria: When the ladder is placed against a structure which is not a part of the scaffold, the scaffold shall be secured against the sideways thrust exerted by the ladder; The platform units shall be secured to the scaffold to prevent their movement; The ladder legs shall be on the same platform or other means shall be provided to stabilize the ladder against unequal platform deflection, and. 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